RESUMO
Novel imidazole-based TGFßR1 inhibitors were identified and optimized for potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic and physicochemical characteristics. Herein, we report the discovery, optimization, and evaluation of a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable TGFßR1 inhibitor, 10 (BMS-986260). This compound demonstrated functional activity in multiple TGFß-dependent cellular assays, excellent kinome selectivity, favorable pharmacokinetic properties, and curative in vivo efficacy in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody in murine colorectal cancer (CRC) models. Since daily dosing of TGFßR1 inhibitors is known to cause class-based cardiovascular (CV) toxicities in preclinical species, a dosing holiday schedule in the anti-PD-1 combination efficacy studies was explored. An intermittent dosing regimen of 3 days on and 4 days off allowed mitigation of CV toxicities in one month dog and rat toxicology studies and also provided similar efficacy as once daily dosing.
RESUMO
The multifunctional cytokine TGFß plays a central role in regulating antitumor immunity. It has been postulated that inhibition of TGFß signaling in concert with checkpoint blockade will provide improved and durable immune response against tumors. Herein, we describe a novel series of 4-azaindole TGFß receptor kinase inhibitors with excellent selectivity for TGFß receptor 1 kinase. The combination of compound 3f and an antimouse-PD-1 antibody demonstrated significantly improved antitumor efficacy compared to either treatment alone in a murine tumor model.
RESUMO
The TGFß-TGFßR signaling pathway has been reported to play a protective role in the later stages of tumorigenesis via increasing immunosuppressive Treg cells and facilitating the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Therefore, inhibition of TGFßR has the potential to enhance antitumor immunity. Herein we disclose the identification and optimization of novel heterobicyclic inhibitors of TGFßRI that demonstrate potent inhibition of SMAD phosphorylation. Application of structure-based drug design to the novel pyrrolotriazine chemotype resulted in improved binding affinity (Ki apparentâ¯=â¯0.14â¯nM), long residence time (T1/2â¯>â¯120â¯min) and significantly improved potency in the PSMAD cellular assay (IC50â¯=â¯24â¯nM). Several analogs inhibited phosphorylation of SMAD both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, inhibition of TGFß-stimulated phospho-SMAD was observed in primary human T cells.
Assuntos
Compostos Bicíclicos com Pontes/química , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento Transformadores beta/antagonistas & inibidores , Sítios de Ligação , Compostos Bicíclicos com Pontes/síntese química , Compostos Bicíclicos com Pontes/farmacologia , Células Cultivadas , Cristalografia por Raios X , Desenho de Fármacos , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Fosforilação , Ligação Proteica , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Pirróis/síntese química , Pirróis/química , Pirróis/metabolismo , Receptor do Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta Tipo I , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento Transformadores beta/metabolismo , Proteínas Smad/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Linfócitos T/citologia , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Tiazinas/síntese química , Tiazinas/química , Tiazinas/metabolismoRESUMO
Macrocyclic pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers were designed and evaluated for use as antibody-drug conjugate payloads. Initial structure-activity exploration established that macrocyclization could increase the potency of PBD dimers compared with non-macrocyclic analogs. Further optimization overcame activity-limiting solubility issues, leading to compounds with highly potent (picomolar) activity against several cancer cell lines. High levels of in vitro potency and specificity were demonstrated with an anti-mesothelin conjugate.
Assuntos
Anticorpos/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Benzodiazepinas/farmacologia , Compostos Macrocíclicos/farmacologia , Pirróis/farmacologia , Anticorpos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Benzodiazepinas/síntese química , Benzodiazepinas/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Dimerização , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Compostos Macrocíclicos/síntese química , Compostos Macrocíclicos/química , Estrutura Molecular , Pirróis/síntese química , Pirróis/química , Solubilidade , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A method for the decarboxylative macrocyclization of peptides bearing N-terminal Michael acceptors has been developed. This synthetic method enables the efficient synthesis of cyclic peptides containing γ-amino acids and is tolerant of functionalities present in both natural and non-proteinogenic amino acids. Linear precursors ranging from 3 to 15 amino acids cyclize effectively under this photoredox method. To demonstrate the preparative utility of this method in the context of bioactive molecules, we synthesized COR-005, a somatostatin analogue that is currently in clinical trials.
Assuntos
Peptídeos/síntese química , Catálise , Ciclização , Descarboxilação , Substâncias Macromoleculares/síntese química , Substâncias Macromoleculares/química , Estrutura Molecular , Oxirredução , Peptídeos/química , Processos FotoquímicosRESUMO
The fungal-derived Taiwanese natural product antroquinonol A has attracted both academic and commercial interest due to its reported exciting biological properties. This reduced quinone is currently in phase II trials (USA and Taiwan) for the treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and was recently granted orphan drug status by the FDA for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and acute myeloid leukemia. Pending successful completion of human clinical trials, antroquinonol is expected to be commercialized under the trade name Hocena. A synthesis-enabled biological re-examination of this promising natural product, however, reveals minimal in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity in preclinical models.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: A target protein-based affinity extraction LC-MS/MS method was developed to enable plasma level determination following ultralow dosing (0.1-3 µg/kg) of an inhibitor of apoptosis proteins molecule. Methodology & results: Affinity extraction (AE) utilizing immobilized target protein BIR2/BIR3 was used to selectively capture the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins molecule from dog plasma and enable removal of background matrix components. Pretreatment of plasma samples using protein precipitation was found to provide an additional sensitivity gain. A LLOQ of 7.8 pM was achieved by combining protein precipitation with AE. The method was used to support an ultralow dose dog toxicity study. CONCLUSION: AE-LC-MS/MS, utilizing target protein, is a highly sensitive methodology for small molecule quantification with potential for broader applicability.
Assuntos
Análise Química do Sangue/métodos , Fracionamento Químico/métodos , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose/antagonistas & inibidores , Isoquinolinas/análise , Limite de Detecção , Oligopeptídeos/análise , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/análise , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Animais , Cães , Feminino , Humanos , Proteínas Imobilizadas/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Imobilizadas/química , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose/química , Isoquinolinas/química , Isoquinolinas/farmacologia , Masculino , Oligopeptídeos/química , Oligopeptídeos/farmacologia , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/química , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/farmacologiaRESUMO
XIAP (X-chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) is a central apoptosis regulator that blocks cell death by inhibiting caspase-3, caspase-7, and caspase-9 via binding interactions with the XIAP BIR2 and BIR3 domains (where BIR is baculovirus IAP repeat). Smac protein, in its dimeric form, effectively antagonizes XIAP by concurrently targeting both its BIR2 and BIR3 domains. Here we describe the development of highly sensitive homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (HTRF) assays to measure binding affinities of potent bivalent peptidomimetic inhibitors of XIAP. Our results indicate that these assays can differentiate Smac-mimetic inhibitors with a wide range of binding affinities down to the picomolar range. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utility of these fluorescent tools for characterization of inhibitor off-rates, which as a crucial determinant of target engagement and cellular potency is another important parameter to guide optimization in a structure-based drug discovery effort. Our study also explores how increased inhibitor valency can lead to enhanced potency at multimeric proteins such as IAP.
Assuntos
Transferência Ressonante de Energia de Fluorescência/métodos , Peptidomiméticos/farmacologia , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/metabolismo , Animais , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Humanos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Peptidomiméticos/química , Ligação Proteica , Domínios e Motivos de Interação entre Proteínas , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/químicaRESUMO
Cellular levels of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins are elevated in multiple human cancers and their activities often play a part in promoting cancer cell survival by blocking apoptotic pathways, controlling signal transduction pathways and contributing to resistance. These proteins function through interactions of their BIR (baculoviral IAP repeat) protein domains with pathway components and these interactions are endogenously antagonized by Smac/Diablo (second mitochondrial activator of caspases/direct IAP binding protein with low isoelectric point). This report describes development of synthetic smac mimetics (SM) and compares their binding, antiproliferative and anti-tumor activities. All dimeric antagonists inhibit in vitro smac tetrapeptide binding to recombinant IAP proteins, rescue IAP-bound caspase-3 activity and show anti-proliferative activity against human A875 melanoma cells. One heterodimeric SM, SM3, binds tightly to IAP proteins in vitro and slowly dissociates (greater than two hours) from these protein complexes compared to the other antagonists. In addition, in vitro SM anti-proliferation potency is influenced by ABCB1 transporter (ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B; MDR1, P-gp) activities and one antagonist, SM5, does not appear to be an ABCB1 efflux pump substrate. All dimeric smac mimetics inhibit the growth of human melanoma A875 tumors implanted in athymic mice at well-tolerated doses. One antagonist, SM4, shows broad spectrum in vivo anti-tumor activity and modulates known pharmacodynamic markers of IAP antagonism. These data taken together demonstrate the range of diverse dimeric IAP antagonist activities and supports their potential as anticancer agents.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Transporte Biológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Mitocondriais/antagonistas & inibidores , Subfamília B de Transportador de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose , Biomimética/métodos , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Células HCT116 , Humanos , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose/antagonistas & inibidores , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Ligação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
A series of dimeric macrocyclic compounds were prepared and evaluated as antagonists for inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. The most potent analogue 11, which binds to XIAP and c-IAP proteins with high affinity and induces caspase-3 activation and ultimately cell apoptosis, inhibits growth of human melanoma and colorectal cell lines at low nanomolar concentrations. Furthermore, compound 11 demonstrated significant antitumor activity in the A875 human melanoma xenograft model at doses as low as 2 mg/kg on a q3d schedule.
RESUMO
Affinity selection screening of macrocycle libraries derived from DNA-programmed chemistry identified XIAP BIR2 and BIR3 domain inhibitors that displace bound pro-apoptotic caspases. X-ray cocrystal structures of key compounds with XIAP BIR2 suggested potency-enhancing structural modifications. Optimization of dimeric macrocycles with similar affinity for both domains were potent pro-apoptotic agents in cancer cell lines and efficacious in shrinking tumors in a mouse xenograft model.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Compostos Macrocíclicos/química , Compostos Macrocíclicos/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Mama/efeitos dos fármacos , Mama/metabolismo , Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cristalografia por Raios X , Descoberta de Drogas , Feminino , Biblioteca Gênica , Humanos , Compostos Macrocíclicos/farmacocinética , Camundongos , Modelos Moleculares , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/metabolismoRESUMO
The prominent role of IAPs in controlling cell death and their overexpression in a variety of cancers has prompted the development of IAP antagonists as potential antitumor therapies. We describe the identification of a series of heterodimeric antagonists with highly potent antiproliferative activities in cIAP- and XIAP-dependent cell lines. Compounds 15 and 17 further demonstrate curative efficacy in human melanoma and lung cancer xenograft models and are promising candidates for advanced studies.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Descoberta de Drogas , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose/antagonistas & inibidores , Neoplasias Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Prolina/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Neoplasias Experimentais/patologia , Prolina/síntese química , Prolina/química , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Bivalent heterodimeric IAP antagonists that incorporate (R)-tetrahydroisoquinoline in the P3' subunit show high affinity for the BIR2 domain and demonstrated potent IAP inhibitory activities in biochemical and cellular assays. Potent in vivo efficacy was observed in a variety of human tumor xenograft models. The bivalent heterodimeric molecule 3 with a P3-P3' benzamide linker induced pharmacodynamic markers of apoptosis and was efficacious when administered intravenously at a dose of 1mg/kg to mice harboring A875 human melanoma tumors. Analog 5, with a polyamine group incorporated at the P2' thiovaline side chain exhibited antiproliferative activity against the P-gp expressing HCT116/VM46 cell line.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Descoberta de Drogas , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose/antagonistas & inibidores , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Tetra-Hidroisoquinolinas/química , Membro 1 da Subfamília B de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/metabolismo , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Sítios de Ligação , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Modelos Moleculares , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) aim to take advantage of the specificity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to deliver potent cytotoxic drugs selectively to antigen-expressing tumor cells. Despite the simple concept, various parameters must be considered when designing optimal ADCs, such as selection of the appropriate antigen target and conjugation method. Each component of the ADC (the antibody, linker and drug) must also be optimized to fully realize the goal of a targeted therapy with improved efficacy and tolerability. Advancements over the past several decades have led to a new generation of ADCs comprising non-immunogenic mAbs, linkers with balanced stability and highly potent cytotoxic agents. Although challenges remain, recent clinical success has generated intense interest in this therapeutic class.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/química , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais/química , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/imunologia , Antineoplásicos/imunologia , Previsões , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/imunologiaRESUMO
5-Butyl-1,4-diphenyl pyrazole and 2-amino-5-chloro pyrimidine acylsulfonamides were developed as potent dual antagonists of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Compounds were optimized for binding to the I88, L92, I95, and F99 pockets normally occupied by pro-apoptotic protein Bim. An X-ray crystal structure confirmed the proposed binding mode. Observation of cytochrome c release from isolated mitochondria in MV-411 cells provides further evidence of target inhibition. Compounds demonstrated submicromolar antiproliferative activity in Bcl-2/Bcl-xL dependent cell lines.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Pirazóis/síntese química , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Sulfonamidas/síntese química , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteína bcl-X/antagonistas & inibidores , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/química , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/metabolismo , Proteína 11 Semelhante a Bcl-2 , Sítios de Ligação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cristalografia por Raios X , Citocromos c/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteínas de Membrana/química , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Ligação Proteica , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/química , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/metabolismo , Proteína bcl-X/química , Proteína bcl-X/metabolismoRESUMO
A series of phenylacylsulfonamides has been prepared as antagonists of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL. In addition to potent binding affinities for both Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, these compounds were shown to induce classical markers of apoptosis in isolated mitochondria. Overall weak cellular potency was improved by the incorporation of polar functionality resulting in compounds with moderate antiproliferative activity.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Sulfonamidas/síntese química , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteína bcl-X/antagonistas & inibidores , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cristalografia por Raios X , Citocromos c/metabolismo , Humanos , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/química , Proteína bcl-X/químicaRESUMO
Biarylamine-based inhibitors of Met kinase have been identified. Lead compounds demonstrate nanomolar potency in Met kinase biochemical assays and significant activity in the Met-driven GTL-16 human gastric carcinoma cell line. X-ray crystallography revealed that these compounds adopt a bioactive conformation, in the kinase domain, consistent with that previously seen with 2-pyridone-based Met kinase inhibitors. Compound 9b demonstrated potent in vivo antitumor activity in the GTL-16 human tumor xenograft model.
Assuntos
Aminas/química , Aminopiridinas/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-met/antagonistas & inibidores , Aminopiridinas/química , Aminopiridinas/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Sítios de Ligação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cristalografia por Raios X , Desenho de Fármacos , Humanos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-met/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Substituted N-(4-(2-aminopyridin-4-yloxy)-3-fluoro-phenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamides were identified as potent and selective Met kinase inhibitors. Substitution of the pyridine 3-position gave improved enzyme potency, while substitution of the pyridone 4-position led to improved aqueous solubility and kinase selectivity. Analogue 10 demonstrated complete tumor stasis in a Met-dependent GTL-16 human gastric carcinoma xenograft model following oral administration. Because of its excellent in vivo efficacy and favorable pharmacokinetic and preclinical safety profiles, 10 has been advanced into phase I clinical trials.
Assuntos
Aminopiridinas/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Di-Hidropiridinas/síntese química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-met/antagonistas & inibidores , Piridonas/síntese química , Administração Oral , Aminopiridinas/farmacocinética , Aminopiridinas/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cristalografia por Raios X , Di-Hidropiridinas/farmacocinética , Di-Hidropiridinas/farmacologia , Cães , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Modelos Moleculares , Piridonas/farmacocinética , Piridonas/farmacologia , Ratos , Solubilidade , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Conformationally constrained 2-pyridone analogue 2 is a potent Met kinase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.8 nM. Further SAR of the 2-pyridone based inhibitors of Met kinase led to potent 4-pyridone and pyridine N-oxide inhibitors such as 3 and 4. The X-ray crystallographic data of the inhibitor 2 bound to the ATP binding site of Met kinase protein provided insight into the binding modes of these inhibitors, and the SAR of this series of analogues was rationalized. Many of these analogues showed potent antiproliferative activities against the Met dependent GTL-16 gastric carcinoma cell line. Compound 2 also inhibited Flt-3 and VEGFR-2 kinases with IC50 values of 4 and 27 nM, respectively. It possesses a favorable pharmacokinetic profile in mice and demonstrates significant in vivo antitumor activity in the GTL-16 human gastric carcinoma xenograft model.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Fosfotransferases/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/antagonistas & inibidores , Piridonas/farmacologia , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Cristalografia por Raios X , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-met , Piridonas/síntese química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Tirosina Quinase 3 Semelhante a fms/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
A series of acylurea analogs derived from pyrrolopyridine and aminopyridine scaffolds were identified as potent inhibitors of Met kinase activity. The SAR at various positions of the two kinase scaffolds was investigated. These studies led to the discovery of compounds 3b and 20b, which demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetic properties in mice and significant antitumor activity in a human gastric carcinoma xenograft model.